ABSTRACT
Peak Exploratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is a simple, economical, reproducible, non-invasive test, which can be quickly performed with ease. PEFR was assessed in 36 children with adenotonsillar enlargement with mean age 10.75 years and equal number of age and sex matched normal children who acted as controls. PEFR was found to be 250. 61 +/- 66.92 lt/min in controls and 216.85 +/- 59.76 lt/min in children with adenotonsillar enlargement signifying impairment of PEFR in children in the second group.
Subject(s)
Case-Control Studies , Child , Female , Humans , Lymphadenitis/physiopathology , Male , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/physiology , Respiration , Tonsillitis/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Selenium is an important trace element for human health. Selenium levels in mothers may have significant effects on fetal and neonatal nutrition. In a cross-sectional study undertaken in Rohtak, Haryana, plasma selenium level in mothers was investigated at the time of delivery. The mean plasma selenium level in full term mothers (n=82) was 70.63 +/- 1.62 ppb and in preterm mothers (n = 58), it was 63.28 +/- 2.31 ppb. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). These levels were, however, below the reported normal level of 75-120 ppb in adults. Rura/urban stay, parity, maternal age, socio-economic and literacy status etc. did not influence the selenium level of mothers in either of the groups.
Subject(s)
Adult , Age Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Obstetric Labor, Premature/blood , Parity , Pregnancy/blood , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Selenium/blood , Social Class , Urban Population/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Delayed neuronal death following hypoxic ischaemic insult is primarily mediated by the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The NMDA receptor antagonist MK 801, has been shown to limit neuronal death following hypoxic ischaemic injury but is too toxic to be used in the human neonate. Magnesium blocks the NMDA channel in a voltage dependent manner. Its administration after a simulated hypoxic ischaemic insult limits neurological damage in several animal models. The efficacy of magnesium in providing neuroprotection in the human neonate, however needs to be established in controlled clinical trials.
Subject(s)
Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications , Cell Death , Dizocilpine Maleate/therapeutic use , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Magnesium/therapeutic use , Magnesium Sulfate , Neurons , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
A rare case of congenital malformation of the nose that was successfully corrected surgically is reported.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Nose/abnormalities , Plastic Surgery ProceduresABSTRACT
Phototherapy is the most widely used form of therapy for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Its non-invasive nature and few side effects reported earlier have led to the assumption that it is innocuous. Recent research has revealed that phototherapy is a photodynamic stress and can induce lipid peroxidation. There is increasing evidence that many severe diseases of the neonate are caused by oxidative injury and lipid peroxidation. In the present communique, we review the oxidative susceptibility of the neonate and the evidence now available that phototherapy induces oxidative stress. Although intensive phototherapy (up to 40 mwatt/cm2/nm) has been reported to be increasingly effective, a little caution, we believe is warranted, till more definite data in the human neonate, help resolve the issue.
Subject(s)
Bilirubin/metabolism , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Jaundice, Neonatal/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/physiology , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Phototherapy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Selenium is a part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase and has an important role in the prevention of oxygen free radical injury. Hence good selenium nutrition is of special relevance to the neonate. The present study evaluated plasma selenium levels in cord plasma of 82 full term, appropriate for gestational age babies and their mothers at delivery. The plasma selenium levels in babies were 54.17 +/- 1.34 ppb which was significantly lower than 70.63 +/- 1.62 ppb seen in their mothers. Anemic mothers with a Hb < 8 g/dl had a plasma selenium level (60.74 +/- 4.57 ppb) which was lower than those with a Hb > 8 g/dl i.e. 74.19 +/- 2.17 ppb. Maternal age, parity, literacy and socio-economic status did not affect the plasma selenium levels.
Subject(s)
Adult , Anemia/blood , Female , Fetal Blood/chemistry , Gestational Age , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Humans , Infant, Newborn/blood , Male , Mothers , Selenium/blood , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Two cases of foreign body in neonates less than one month of age are reported. Although foreign bodies in neonates are unknown but the possibility should not be overlooked even in neonates especially with sudden onset of respiratory distress, cough or hoarseness in absence of fever.
Subject(s)
Dyspnea/etiology , Foreign Bodies/complications , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Larynx/diagnostic imaging , MaleSubject(s)
Child, Preschool , Dermoid Cyst/pathology , Female , Humans , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathologySubject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Risk Factors , Rupture, Spontaneous/congenital , Stomach Rupture/congenitalABSTRACT
Fifty newborns, 25 full term SFDs (small for date) and 25 full term AGAs (appropriate for gestational age) were taken up for comparative study of their behavior using BNBAS (Brazelton's neonatal behavior assessment scale). The study revealed that full term SFDs performed significantly poorly on all items under cluster interactive processes compared to their counterparts full term AGAs on day 1. They also showed similar poor performance in clusters of motor processes and organizational processes (State control). Follow up assessment on day 30 revealed significantly better performance in these clusters. However, the performance of SFD babies in all items of cluster of organizational processes (physiological response) was comparable to that of AGA babies in the initial as well as follow up assessments.
Subject(s)
Birth Weight/physiology , Female , Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnosis , Humans , India , Infant Behavior/physiology , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Small for Gestational Age/physiology , Male , Nervous System/physiopathology , Neurologic Examination , Reference ValuesSubject(s)
Child , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hodgkin Disease/complications , Humans , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Nephrotic Syndrome/etiologySubject(s)
Articulation Disorders/etiology , Child, Preschool , Humans , Hypertrophy , Male , Palatine Tonsil/pathologySubject(s)
Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Dental Health Surveys , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Oral Hygiene , Periodontal Diseases/diagnosis , Tooth Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
Sixty five blood culture positive cases of S. typhi were studied for clinical profile. A total of 64.6% were multidrug resistant and 35.4% were chloramphenicol sensitive. In patients with multidrug resistant S. typhi the age was higher (p < 0.01), and incidence of complications such as shock (35.7%), encephalopathy (42.9%), myocarditis (14.3%) and gastric hemorrhage (4.7%) were more frequent, compared to chloramphenicol sensitive group. Cases with multidrug resistant S. typhi (MDRST) were treated with oral ciprofloxacin; the period of defervescence of fever was significantly less (p < 0.05) compared to the chloramphenicol group. Our study suggests the use of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of MDRST without any side effects.